Supporting Mental Wellbeing in Clinical-Year Medical Students: Evidence-Based Interventions -

Abstract

Medical students face higher risks of burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders than their peers. Various interventions—including mindfulness, peer support, curriculum reform, and digital programs—have been implemented to improve psychological wellbeing. Previous research often examined these strategies in isolation, limiting comprehensive understanding.

This study aims to synthesize the most effective interventions for medical student wellbeing, highlighting evidence-based strategies, mechanisms of action, and applicability in culturally contextualized settings.

A meta-review of 18 high-priority, English-language studies from the last five years was conducted. Studies included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, RCTs, and quasi-experimental designs, focusing on interventions targeting stress reduction, resilience, and coping strategies in medical students globally. Data were extracted on sample size, intervention type, mechanism, and effect sizes.

Mindfulness-based interventions consistently demonstrated significant stress reduction (e.g., d = 0.370, 95% CI 0.239–0.501; p < 0.001) and improved self-compassion. Peer support programs improved belonging, reduced anxiety, and enhanced resilience via social buffering. Curriculum-based approaches, including growth-mindset training and structured stress programs, increased resilience scores and adaptive coping. Digital interventions showed moderate efficacy, particularly when engagement was sustained. Mechanistic analysis revealed common pathways: attention regulation, self-reflection, peer and social support, and habit formation. Effectiveness was influenced by intervention duration, intensity, and contextual cultural factors.

Evidence highlights that integrated, mind-first interventions combining mindfulness, peer support, and structured curricular strategies provide the most consistent benefits for medical student wellbeing. Cultural and institutional context should guide implementation to maximize impact. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes, comparative efficacy, and scalable program designs.

Keywords: Mental Health, Medical Students, Wellbeing, Intervention, Clinical-Year, Mindfulness, Peer Support