Efficacy Of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous impact to mental health management in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (I-CBT) has been demonstrated to be efficacious on alleviating symptoms among adult patients with OCD.
Purpose of study: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for adult OCD patient.
Methods: This review selects randomized controlled trials found in multiple databases searching for studies implementing I-CBT for OCD up to September 7th, 2021 using determined inclusion criteria, such as OCD patient with study population only adults age population, assess obsessive compulsive score and assess depression, and exclusion criteria such as unsuitable study design, studies with incomplete outcome data, and studies in languages other than English. This review was arranged based on PRISMA guideline.
Results and Discussion: Our review includes 6 RCTs with a total of 590 participants. Quantitative analysis of mean differences was performed using Review Manager 5.4 in continuous, random-effects model. I-CBT demonstrates promising efficacy in reducing adverse psychosocial conditions in OCD patients including obsessive compulsive symptoms (pooled MD: -4.49 [95%CI: -6.78 – (-2.19)]; p=0.0001) and depression (pooled MD: -1.97 [95%CI: -3.61-(-0.34)]; p=0.02).
Conclusion: I-CBT presents a promising solution for alleviating symptoms in OCD patients.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
© Journal of Asian Medical Students’ Association (JAMSA). Released under a Creative Commons license.
References
Stein DJ, Costa DLC, Lochner C, Miguel EC, Reddy YCJ, Shavitt RG, et al. Obsessive–compulsive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Prim [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Sep 11];5(1):1–21. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-019-0102-3
Brock H, Hany M. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jun 7 [cited 2021 Sep 11]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553162/
Jelinek L, Moritz S, Miegel F, Voderholzer U. Obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19: Turning a problem into an opportunity? J Anxiety Disord. 2021 Jan 1;77:102329.
Sheu JC, McKay D, Storch EA. COVID-19 and OCD: Potential impact of exposure and response prevention therapy. J Anxiety Disord. 2020 Dec 1;76:102314.
Acenowr CP, Coles ME. OCD during COVID-19: Understanding clinical and non-clinical anxiety in the community. Psychiatry Res. 2021 Jun 1;300:113910.
D M, D S, F N, S W, DJ S, M K, et al. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2015 May 30 [cited 2021 Sep 11];227(1):104–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25937054/
Reddy YCJ, Sundar AS, Narayanaswamy JC, Math SB. Clinical practice guidelines for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Sep 11];59(Suppl 1):S74. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5310107/
BM W, E K, N T, BF D. Self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Sep 11];66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31301476/
Risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool: Cochrane methods [Internet]. [cited 2021 Sep 11]. Available from: https://methods.cochrane.org/risk-bias-2
Riley RD, Moons KGM, Snell KIE, Ensor J, Hooft L, Altman DG, et al. A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies. BMJ. 2019;364.
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ [Internet]. 2003 Sep 4 [cited 2021 Sep 11];327(7414):557–60. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/327/7414/557
Mahoney AEJ, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, Smith J, Andrews G. Internet cognitive behavioural treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther [Internet]. 2014;63:99–106. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.09.012
Herbst N, Voderholzer U, Thiel N, Schaub R, Knaevelsrud C, Stracke S, et al. No talking, just writing! efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(3):165–75.
Wootton BM, Karin E, Titov N, Dear BF. Self-guided internet–delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord [Internet]. 2019;66(June):102111. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102111
Andersson E, Enander J, Andrén P, Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Hursti T, et al. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2012;42(10):2193–203.
Andersson E, Steneby S, Karlsson K, Ljótsson B, Hedman E, Enander J, et al. Long-term efficacy of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with or without booster: A randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2014;44(13):2877–87.
Brock H, Hany M. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jun 7 [cited 2021 Sep 12]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553162/
Schröder J, Werkle N, Cludius B, Jelinek L, Moritz S, Westermann S. Unguided Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37(12):1208–20.
Chand SP, Arif H. Depression. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jul 26 [cited 2021 Sep 12]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430847/
Depression [Internet]. [cited 2021 Sep 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Karyotaki E, Efthimiou O, Miguel C, Bermpohl FM genannt, Furukawa TA, Cuijpers P, et al. Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2021 Sep 12];78(4):361–71. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2774861
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. Laporan Survei Internet APJII 2019 – 2020. Asos Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indones [Internet]. 2020;2020:1–146. Available from: https://apjii.or.id/survei
Hartini N, Fardana NA, Ariana AD, Wardana ND. Stigma toward people with mental health problems in Indonesia. Psychol Res Behav Manag [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Sep 12];11:535. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6217178/
Mental Health Atlas 2017 Country Profile: Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2021 Sep 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/mental-health-atlas-2017-country-profile-indonesia
WHO. Mental health atlas 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.